Cymbopogon
citratus
(Lemongrass)
Gambar 1. Cymbopogon citratus
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Klasifikasi Ilmiah
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Kingdom
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Plantae
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Phyllum
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Tracheophyta
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Class
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Liliopsida
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Order
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Poales
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Family
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Poaceae
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Genus
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Cymbopogon
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Species
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Cymbopogon citratus
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DESCRIPTION
Lemongrass is a perennial, tufted, aromatic C4 grass.
Inflorescence: Synflorescence compound; paniculate; 30-60 cm long; open. Inflorescence composed of racemes; terminal and axillary; subtended by a spatheole; enclosed.
Racemes two; paired; deflexed; 1-2.5 cm long. Rachis fragile at the nodes; semiterete; villous on margins. Rachis hairs 2-3 mm long. Rachis internodes linear. Rachis internode tip transverse; cupuliform. Raceme-bases flattened; subequal.
Spikelets in pairs. Fertile spikelets sessile; one in the cluster. Companion sterile spikelets pedicelled; one in the cluster. Pedicels linear; semiterete; villous; with 2-3 mm long hairs.
Sterile spikelets: Basal sterile spikelets well developed; two in number (lower raceme); 0 in upper raceme; sessile and pedicelled. Basal sterile spikelet pedicels free; linear. Basal sterile spikelets equalling fertile spikelets.
Companion sterile spikelets well developed; male; elliptic; 4-4.5 mm long; shorter than fertile; deciduous with the fertile spikelet. Companion sterile spikelet glumes chartaceous; acute; muticous. Companion sterile spikelet lemmas two; enclosed by glumes.
Fertile spikelets: Spikelets comprising one basal sterile florets; one fertile floret; without rachilla extension. Spikelets linear or lanceolate; dorsally compressed; 5-6 mm long; 0.7 mm wide; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures. Spikelet callus pilose; base obtuse; inserted.
Glumes: Glumes dissimilar; exceeding apex of florets; firmer than fertile lemma. Lower glume lanceolate; one times length of spikelet; two-keeled; keeled laterally; wingless. Lower glume intercarinal veins absent. Lower glume surface flat or concave. Lower glume apex emarginate. Upper glume lanceolate; one-keeled. Upper glume apex acute.
Florets: Basal sterile florets barren; without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret hyaline. Fertile lemma lanceolate; hyaline; without keel. Lemma apex entire or dentate; 2-fid; muticous, or mucronate; 1-awned. Palea absent or minute.
Flower: Anthers three.
Habit: Perennial; caespitose. Rhizomes short. Culms 100-200 cm long. Ligule an eciliate membrane. Leaf-blades tapering towards sheath; 45-90 cm long; 10-20 mm wide; aromatic.
Inflorescence: Synflorescence compound; paniculate; 30-60 cm long; open. Inflorescence composed of racemes; terminal and axillary; subtended by a spatheole; enclosed.
Racemes two; paired; deflexed; 1-2.5 cm long. Rachis fragile at the nodes; semiterete; villous on margins. Rachis hairs 2-3 mm long. Rachis internodes linear. Rachis internode tip transverse; cupuliform. Raceme-bases flattened; subequal.
Spikelets in pairs. Fertile spikelets sessile; one in the cluster. Companion sterile spikelets pedicelled; one in the cluster. Pedicels linear; semiterete; villous; with 2-3 mm long hairs.
Sterile spikelets: Basal sterile spikelets well developed; two in number (lower raceme); 0 in upper raceme; sessile and pedicelled. Basal sterile spikelet pedicels free; linear. Basal sterile spikelets equalling fertile spikelets.
Companion sterile spikelets well developed; male; elliptic; 4-4.5 mm long; shorter than fertile; deciduous with the fertile spikelet. Companion sterile spikelet glumes chartaceous; acute; muticous. Companion sterile spikelet lemmas two; enclosed by glumes.
Fertile spikelets: Spikelets comprising one basal sterile florets; one fertile floret; without rachilla extension. Spikelets linear or lanceolate; dorsally compressed; 5-6 mm long; 0.7 mm wide; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures. Spikelet callus pilose; base obtuse; inserted.
Glumes: Glumes dissimilar; exceeding apex of florets; firmer than fertile lemma. Lower glume lanceolate; one times length of spikelet; two-keeled; keeled laterally; wingless. Lower glume intercarinal veins absent. Lower glume surface flat or concave. Lower glume apex emarginate. Upper glume lanceolate; one-keeled. Upper glume apex acute.
Florets: Basal sterile florets barren; without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret hyaline. Fertile lemma lanceolate; hyaline; without keel. Lemma apex entire or dentate; 2-fid; muticous, or mucronate; 1-awned. Palea absent or minute.
Flower: Anthers three.
Seed: Cylindrical to sub-globose caryopsis with basal hilum.
Distribution
C. citratus is believed to be a native of Malaysia. Lemongrass was one of the herbs transported along the spice route from Asia to Europe. It is now found growing in all continents except Antarctica, and is particularly widely distributed in China, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Pakistan, Thailand, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Nigeria, North and Central America, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Italy and Papua New Guinea.
Biology and Ecology
Top of page
C. citratus, West Indian lemongrass, is a tropical perennial plant, which yields an aromatic oil.
Uses List
Top of pageEnvironmental
- Erosion control or dune stabilization
Human food and beverage
- Spices and culinary herbs
Materials
- Essential oils
- Lipids
- Pesticide
Medicinal, pharmaceutical
- Traditional/folklore
Diagram Video 1. Manfaat Cymbopogon citratus
LOCATION
Cymbopogon
citratus can found at Zona 3 Kebun Botani UPI
Gambar 2. Peta Lokasi Cymbopogon citratus di Kampus UPI
REFERENCES
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